Because the average kitchen sponge can host 7 billion bacteria, it’s hard not to wonder what you’re spreading on the counter during a quick wipe-down. (E. coli or Staphylococcus aureus, anyone?) But there’s no need to live in fear of a little cellulose square. Follow the advice of cleaning experts and keep your sponges as sanitary and effective as possible.

Think Germ-Resistant

Today some synthetic sponges (typically made of cellulose) have been manufactured with antimicrobial technology to resist bacterial odor and growth. (Look for the words “Resists bacterial odors” on the label.) Though these sponges keep bacteria at bay, you can’t forgo disinfecting altogether. If food or dirt is caught in the sponge, bacteria can still be present on those particles, says Richard Sparacio, cofounder of MaidPro, a nationwide housecleaning service.

Know When to Reach for the Paper Towel

Unless you’re planning on chucking a sponge immediately afterward, don’t use it to clean up bacteria-heavy substances, like raw eggs and juice from uncooked meat. “Use a paper towel, which can be tossed in the trash and forgotten,” says Allen Rathey, president of HousekeepingChannel.com.

Avoid Cross-Contamination

Use different sponges for the bathroom and the kitchen to prevent bacteria from room-hopping. Sarah Smock of Merry Maids, a Memphis-based cleaning service, suggests assigning a different color sponge for each room.

Rinse and Dry After Every Use

A damp, dirty sponge encourages bacteria growth. But it’s not enough to squeeze out the dishwater, says Sparacio. Once the soapy water has been released, rinse the sponge under hot water. Then press out the water (wringing will damage the fibers) and place the sponge on a rack, not under the sink. Allow it to dry fully before the next use.

Disinfect — and Do So Often

Because bacteria are invisible, there are no telltale signs you can see to indicate when you should disinfect. “If your sponge has an odor, it definitely means bacteria are growing,” says Smock. “However, a lack of odor doesn’t necessarily mean a lack of bacteria.” So, better to err on the side of caution. If the sponge has gotten wet and has come into contact with food products or human or animal blood, it should be disinfected before being used again. Simply zap the sponge in the microwave for two minutes on high or run it through the dishwasher.

Learn When to Let Go

“How often you should throw away your sponges depends on how well they’re cleaned and disinfected,” says Smock. If they become brittle or smelly, it’s definitely time. Otherwise, tossing at least once a month is a good rule of thumb.